Arduino Introduction

The Arduino is an open-source microcontroller board based for controlling Hardware components.

Structure

Parts Name

1. USB: can be used for both power and communication with the IDE
2. Barrel Jack: used for power supply
3. Voltage Regulator: regulates and stabilises the input and output voltages
4. Crystal Oscillator: keeps track of time and regulates processor frequency
5. Reset Pin: can be used to reset the Arduino Uno
6. 3.3V pin: can be used as a 3.3V output
7. 5V pin: can be used as a 5V output
8. GND pin: can be used to ground the circuit
9. Vin pin: can be used to supply power to the board
10. Analog pins(A0-A5): can be used to read analog signals to the board
11. Microcontroller(ATMega328): the processing and logical unit of the board
12. ICSP pin: a programming header on the board also called SPI
13. Power indicator LED: indicates the power status of the board
14. RX and TX LEDs: receive(RX) and transmit(TX) LEDs, blink when sending or receiving serial data respectively
15. Digital I/O pins: 14 pins capable of reading and outputting digital signals; 6 of these pins are also capable of PWM
16. AREF pins: can be used to set an external reference voltage as the upper limit for the analog pins
17. Reset button: can be used to reset the board

Arduino IDE

There is nothing explained in this as you can see in diagram just connect your arduino to pc and run program

1. Setup() Use to setup program
2. Loop() Use to run program you written in IDE

1. setup() Function:

   The setup() function is called once when the Arduino starts running the program. It is used for initializing variables, setting pin modes, and other tasks that need to be performed only once at the beginning of the program. This function is essential for any Arduino sketch, and it typically includes tasks such as configuring pins, initializing serial communication, and any other setup-related actions.

   
2. loop() Function:

   The loop() function is called repeatedly after the setup() function. It forms the main body of your Arduino program and contains the code that will be executed in a continuous loop. Code inside the loop() function will run indefinitely until the Arduino is powered off or reset. This is where you put the main logic of your program, such as reading sensors, performing calculations, and controlling outputs.

In the Arduino IDE, when you upload your sketch to the Arduino board, the setup() function is executed first, followed by the loop() function, which runs continuously. This structure allows you to create programs that perform specific setup actions and then continue to execute a loop of instructions as long as the Arduino is powered on.

Note: There are many things but for now let keep this much.